Media s Influence On Consumer Behavior - 1189 Words

In the modern society, businesses tend to adopt persuasive marketing communication in consideration of various components, including behavioural economics, sociology and psychology. Most conspicuously, all of these essential elements to successful marketing influence one broad concept: consumer behaviours. Businesses that design their advertising strategies based on consumer behaviours often observe, examine and analyze the psychology of spending in an attempt to stimulate consumers’ interests and facilitate sales growth. In this paper, I will discuss two typical examples of advertisements which represent the power of cultural influences, more specifically, how cultures potentially affect and manipulate consumers’ understanding, beliefs, and spending. 1. Video Commercial: BMO Fanfini. This commercial was published on YouTube by the Bank of Montreal in August 2016. The target audience of this commercial is represented by a culture which includes three aspects: ecology, social structure and ideology. The ecology in this commercial is a developed society with sufficient recourses and internet access. The social structure includes families and individuals living in Montreal, Canada with at least moderate income. The ideology this commercial attempts to grasp includes people who are interested in soccer. According to the three aspects above we can conclude that the target audience for this commercial is people in Montreal who are familiar with soccer games. It is a commonShow MoreRelatedConsumer Behavior Theory Proposed By Japanese Dentsu Inc.1149 Words   |  5 Pagesconsuming behaviors well besides understanding the platform’s function. According to China Internet Blue Book released by DCCI in 2011, two models for analyzing consumer purchasing behavior in cur rent digital age are AISAS and SICAS. In this part, we will introduce two models and make comparison in order to choose one model for our client to apply for its own social media strategy and to put forward our recommendations of operating an official account. 1. AISAS Model AISAS model, the consumer behaviorRead MoreUsing Instagram : Motives For Its Use And Relationship1272 Words   |  6 Pages41. Sheldon, P., Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97. Globally speaking, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social network site. However, the researchers observe little academic research studying who and why people use it. The researchers are interested in the motivations of using Instagram and its relationship towards contextual age and narcissism. The study uses a survey distributedRead MoreHow Media Affect People s Subconscious Judgments1200 Words   |  5 Pages103 26 June 2017 Exploratory Essay How Media Affect People’s Subconscious Judgments Nowadays, society is growing and becoming more modern, so media take a significant role which has a big effect on people’s lives. Media are all the organizations, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, Internet, and more, that provide news and information to the public. The human subconscious mind is considered as information storage. Thus, media influence people’s subconscious daily through news, advertisementsRead MoreHow Media Affect Peoples Subconscious Judgments1200 Words   |  5 PagesJenelle Herman ESL 186 06 Dec 2016 How Media Affect People’s Subconscious Judgments Nowadays, society is growing and becoming more modern, so media take a significant role which has a big effect on people’s lives. Media are all the organizations, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, Internet, and more, that provide news and information to the public. The human subconscious mind is considered as information storage. Thus, media influence people’s subconscious daily through news, advertisementsRead MoreMarketing Of Health Care Services1287 Words   |  6 PagesServices and provides the steps and history of marketing in health care and the effects of marketing on the health care delivery system from 1950 to 1990. It introduces the health care consumers and their role in the marketing process as well as the factors that influence consumer behavior. These factors influence the success of marketing in health care. It also provides the requirements for successful marketing and current techniques and strategies used by health care organizations. Read MoreAdvertising and Promotion1003 Words   |  5 Pagesradio and TV personalities along with more advanced forms of media to communicate with the public. Societal values are both created and reflected through advertising. I think advertising reflects on societal values more than creating them. Most advertising appeals to emotions, specifically the emotional need for love and belonging, prestige and self-esteem. Advertisers of clothing may associate the product with a lifestyle that the consumer wants to be identified with. For example, Ralph Lauren PoloRead MoreConsumers And The Factors Of Environment1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe study is about consumers and the factors of environment which has an impact on them. Differentiating them from the old consumers. Rapid growth for fashion awareness can be seen among males and females. Thus, the demand for better and good quality products has increased and if in case they don’t get the desired apparels they tend to will shift to other brand which satisfy their needs. In India the major share of firm marketing branded apparels goes to the foreign companies. This study focusesRead Mor eDeconstruction of Literature Matrix1108 Words   |  5 PagesMatrix Introduction This comparison matrix comprises three articles which focus on data analysis in social media marketing. In â€Å"An Examination of the Factors Influencing Consumers Attitudes Toward Social Media Marketing.?† Akar and Topcu point out that social media has become a phenomenon in marketing. (Akar and Topcu, 2011) Marketers are beginning to understand the use of social media as a component in their marketing and strategies and campaigns to reach out to customers. Promotions marketingRead MoreFacebook Adding Music Services Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesEthan Smith and Shayndi Raice authored Facebook Adding Music Service in a recently published WSJ.com article of September 1, 2011. The article describes Facebook’s new initiative to include shared media services on their website. These media services will include music, movies, and video games, and will allow Facebook users the opportunity to share their favorite selections with their Facebook friends, without leaving the site. The main characters in this article include Facebook, Inc., a socialRead MoreFactors that influence consumer buying behavior1747 Words   |  7 PagesFactors that influence consumer buying behavior There are a lot of subjects for marketers to understand in order to get more customers purchasing their companies’ products or brands. Consumer buying behavior is one of the studies that marketers need to understand. Factors that influence consumer buying behavior can be classified into four classes which are social factor, cultural factor, personal factor and psychological factor. One of the factors that influence consumer buying behavior is social

Jim Mattis Rebukes of Trumps Worldview - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 793 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Donald Trump Essay Did you like this example? The New York Times headline covers the story on the recent resignation from office of the Secretary of Defense, Mr. Jim Mattis, as a way of protesting Trumps administration. The headline used by The New York Times was effective in summarizing the story in a generalized term. The author, Helene Cooper, grabs the readers attention effectively by inducing further reading and stating Mattis decision to walk way was his disapproval of Trumps worldview (2018). Upon reading the article in its entirety, one finds the reason for the resignation was more narrow than that. In particular, the Secretary quit after the Commander in Chief delivered a public message announcing the official retrieval of US military units Syria. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jim Mattis Rebukes of Trumps Worldview" essay for you Create order The author of the article, Helene Cooper, continued to explain a series of events that led to the resignation of Mattis to his position in the White House, as the primary adviser in national security matters. The author continues (Cooper, 2018) to detail that Mattis himself carried his resignation, typed in official letterhead, to President Trump on 20th December 2018. The setting for the event was at the White House, Washington D.C. Although there are many underlying factors of disagreements prior to this event, the ultimate reason for the resignation can be summarized by saying that both parties had different agendas and unparelled views on military and defense strategy. Mattis believed that incorporating US relations with allied nations was a strong asset for America and it showed strengh. This explains why his resignation letter reads we cannot protect our interests or serve that role effectively without maintaining strong alliances and showing respect to those allies (Cooper, 20 18). Clearly, the parties had opposing views of how the nation should manage the military forces overseas and which operations were to be supported. Helene describes Mattis as feeling stronghold and upheld his position that providing a strong military presence in certain key locations served to avert the enemies and avoid war, and the withdrawal of troops in those keen locations could bring back the chaos to those areas. This was particularly true in relation to ISIS, whose terrorism was not evident until after the US departure from Iran six years ago. The coalition forces were brough in to Syria to help protect the local citizens from the terrorist force and those efforts significantly diminished their attacks. Furthermore, the news state that most the presidents cabinet, to include Senators Mark Warner and Ben Sasse, along with many other advisers were saddened by the resignation as they saw Mattis as an island of stability around the chaos of Trumps administration. Many White House representations believed Mattis experience and professional advice to the President helped keep the nation safe. This was said to be the most public way of protesting Trumps administration since 1980 when then-Secretary of State Vince resigned over another national security issue to former President Carter. The connection found between the articles selected and what I know about leadership is that one should always stick to his/her guts even when is not the most popular thing to do. As leaders, we are asked to make difficult decisions, and those decisions, may or may not go in accord to our personal beliefs. One should ask: Is it Ethical, Illegal or Immoral? If it is, or if it goes against what the individual believes to be right, then a good leader will make the right decision. I find this article describes many aspects of good leadership and followership. Being in this key role, Mattis stood by President Trump and some of his decisions, even when he disagreed with them. However, Mattis reached a point where he could not, because of his own morals and beliefs, support the Presidents decisions. Being a good leader takes Education and Experience, Honor, Integrity, Decision-Making, and Trust. In this case, it appears Mattis did not feel his professional skills and experience in advising t he president were taken into consideration, which created a lack of trust in the relationship. The story included a link that redacted the resignation letter. It also used historical records, with specific names and dates that added to the validity of the story. I did not find the story was exaggerated to capture the readers attention, and it included a few videos and links the some of the material redacted. These links and videos served as supporting documentation. The link provided to the letter allowed me to read what the letter exactly said versus having only the articles writer perspective. Reference: Cooper, H. (2018, December 20). Jim Mattis Resigns, Rebuking Trumps Worldview. Retrieved December 29, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html The New York Times. (2018, December 20). Read Jim Mattiss Letter to Trump: Full Text. Retrieved December 29, 2018, from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/letter-jim-mattis-trump.html?module=inline

My Experience With Severe Anxiety - 1635 Words

When I reflect on everything that has happened thus far in my lifetime, I am amazed at how far I have come. I was born on May 31st, 1998. My mom was in college when she had me, and my father worked two jobs to support the family. They worked incredibly hard to make sure that I had a good and comfortable life. They never gave up, even when they were loaded with their many responsibilities, because they cared so much for me and my future. I truly admire them for that. They instilled the value of preserving, and never giving up, no matter how tough your challenges in life are. This value is very important to me, and I believe that I would not be where I am today if I didn’t stay true to this value. This value has been especially important when I have had to deal with severe anxiety. I have dealt with anxiety my entire life. The anxiety became especially intense during my freshman year of high school. It began to severely interfere with my schooling, to the point where I could not even attend school. I many attempts to continue to attend school, but these attempts would often end with me having a severe panic attack. This constant failure to attend school sent me into a bout of depression. All of these factors led to the decision for me to be put into home hospital, where I would do all my schoolwork at home, and work with a teacher who came to my house for an hour each day. This would allow me to focus on receiving professional help with my anxiety. I met with a therapistShow MoreRelatedThe Emotion Of Feeling Anxious Before A Job Interview Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesline between an anxiety disorder or just feeling anxious from time to time? In Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience by Neil R. Carlson, anxiety disorders are portrayed by unrealistic extremes of emotions, unjustified fear and anxiety and are also known for being the most common psychiatric disorders in both adults and children (409). Although there are many anxiety disorders, the ones I can relate to the most due to my own personal experience are panic disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, andRead MoreLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words   |  5 PagesSeparation Anxiety Abstract This report delves into the connection between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the long-term implications that it may have. To understand the connections I preformed secondary research through â€Å"Academic Search Complete†. I found that childhood separation anxiety disorder is connected with serious mental disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, social phobias, depression, and behavior disorders. Many studies have shown that childhood separation anxiety disorderRead MoreMental Disorders: Causes of Mental Illness1297 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerned with. What could possibly make them jump to the conclusion that they are experiencing such a condition? What exactly is anxiety and how is it triggered? What does anxiety do to the body and what can it lead to? How can it be coped with or treated? This paper will thoroughly discuss the answers to these questions in a manner that is easy to digest. First, anxiety is a mental disorder that is plaguing not only the United States, but the entire earth. It can be defined as a vague uneasy feelingRead MoreAnxiety : Symptoms And Symptoms1199 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety Content Page: Everyone has daily worries, such as money, friendships, or family problems. Do you, or does someone you love, experience extreme worry about these things and more, even when there’s no reason to be so worried? People with Anxiety are very anxious about just getting through each day, and generally think things will always go badly. This excess worrying prevents these people from doing everyday tasks. These are common signs and symptoms of people suffering from anxiety. Does itRead MoreAnxiety Disorders Are The Most Common Mental Illness Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesAnxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the United States, affecting 40 million adults ages 18 and older, this is about 18% of the population (National Institute of Mental Health). Anxiety disorders are associated with the impairment of several domains of functioning, including the impairment of relationships, care giving and job productivity (DeBoer, Powers, Utschig, Otto Smits, 2012). Anxiety d isorders are a growing concern in our society, especially among college-aged teenagers/youngRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical And Manual Of Mental Disorders Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageswas established by using Fifth Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical and Manual of Mental Disorder. Claimant DSM-V multi- axial classification is as follows: Axis I: Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features Generalized Anxiety Disorder AXIS II: Deferred AXIS III: Ewing’s Sarcoma Cancer, in remission AXIS IV: Problems Related To The Social Environment: limited social support, interpersonal relationship, AXISRead MoreMy Familys Health History1593 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily is perfect and healthy but in actuality that’s not always the case. Searching through my family health history I found a lot of people were ill with something I did not know they were suffering with. While doing my family history report I found a lot of depression in my family on my mom’s side. This really made me realize I need to look out for her. A family friend and I are very worried about my mother ever since she was crushed between two cars a few years back and is now forever handicappedRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder Paper1496 Words   |  6 Pagespeople who suffer from social anxiety disorder. I will propose a better way I will treat those who suffer with social anxiety disorder. I will explain some realistic actions I will take to help move my proposals in a positive direction. Further, I will discuss the steps I will take to avoid being a â€Å"pawn† in the current system. Lastly, I will demonstrate how I am going to really help my clients that are suffering with social anxiety disorder without jeopardizing my career. To better assist thoseRead MoreEnergy Drinks and Caffeine Intoxication Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesSome people drink caffeine because they enjoy the taste, it can improve their endurance, makes them wake up, or suppress their appetites. However, there are many negative side effects which include headaches, insomnia, nervousness, heartburn, and anxiety. Caffeine is addictive and a drug. The longer people drink caffeine, the more they have to drink to have the same effect to stay awake. In Healing ADD, Daniel G. Amen, M.D., states: â€Å"In the short run caffeine makes you feel more focused† (211).Read MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety And Depression Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesAnxiety and depression are treatable, but 80% of kids with a diagnosable anxiety disorder and 60% of kids with diagnosable depression are not getting treatment, according to the 2015 Child Mind Institute Children’s Mental Health Report (Children and Teens. (2010). Many children have anxiety and it does not need to be treated, while there are some children that have severe anxiety over almost anything and needs to be managed by medication. Some children when they are younger may experience social

Male Eating Disorders Essay - 2485 Words

Eating Disorders in Males Eating disorders have traditionally been a â€Å"woman’s problem.† It has not been until recently that we have recognized the fact that males are suffering from these deadly disorders as well. It has been generally agreed upon that anywhere from five to 15 percent of all reported cases of eating disorders are attributed to men. This paper will examine its incidence in males and the physical and psychological aspects associated with having an eating disorder. First lets look at the history of eating disorders. The very first case of an eating disorder diagnosed was actually a male. In 1689, Dr. Richard Morton described a case of â€Å"nervous consumption† in a 16-year-old male and he was prescribed restraint from†¦show more content†¦(Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Studies have shown that over one million males are affected with anorexia nervosa yearly. (Crosscope-Happel, Hutchins, Hayes, 2000) Some have suggested that these numbers are on the rise as the media continues to assert a more and more unattainable goal of beauty on the public. The majority of the population suffering from eating disorders is female, so lets look at the general prototype of a patient. She is generally a teenager, from a middle to upper class background and white. She generally excels at schoolwork and extra-curricular activities, and is often times labeled a perfectionist. How does this differ from a male with eating disorders? Not all that much actually, he also does well in school although sports tend to be overemphasized. The family tends to play an important role in the development of eating disorders. Males tend to have very strict, domineering fathers who encouraged development in sports. It has also been recognized that many men with eating disorders may not have had a father figure around at all. (Zerbe, 1992) Their mothers have been described as overprotective and controlling. (Romero, 1994) Adolescent boys with eating disorders relate that parents or siblings are usually on diets as well and there tends to be an emphasis on food a nd dietingShow MoreRelatedMale Eating Disorders : The Silent Struggle1911 Words   |  8 PagesMale Eating Disorders: The Silent Struggle Imagine looking into a mirror and feeling absolutely repulsed with the person looking back at you. Being dissatisfied with your body is without a doubt incredibly difficult thing to deal with, especially when no one is aware of just how much you are suffering. Time and time again we hear stories of people struggling with body issues. The issue is, we often only hear about the women who are suffering with eating disorders. This leads people to come to theRead More Eating Disorders in Males Essay examples1362 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders in Males Eating disorders are largely considered to be a female disease. Statistics seem to validate this perception – of the estimated five million-plus adults in the United States who have an eating disorder, only ten percent are thought to be male ((1)). Many professionals, however, hold the opinion that these numbers are incorrect – it is impossible to base the statistics on anything other than the number of adults diagnosed with eating disorders, and men are much lessRead MoreMale Eating Disorders2574 Words   |  11 PagesManual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. (1998). ANRED: Males with Eating Disorders. Retrieved November 18, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.anred.com/males.html Carlat, D.J., Camargo, C.A. Jr., Herzog, D.B. (1997). Eating Disorders in Males: A Report on 135 Patients. American Journal of Psychiatry. 154, 1127-1131. Crosscope-Happel, C., Hutchins, D.E., Getz, H.G., Hayes, G.L. (2000). Male Anorexia Nervosa:Read MoreMen and Eating Disorders Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesMen and Eating Disorders About seven million women across the country suffer from eating disorders including anorexia nervosa and bulimia and, as a result most research involving these disorders have only been conducted on females. However, as many as a million men may also suffer from these same disorders. Women are not the only people prone to disliking what they see when they look into the mirror. Now a days more men are worried about their body shape. Clinical reports tell us that oneRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa947 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder consist of emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the U.S (ANAD, n.d.) bulimia nervosa as well as the other eating disorders are considered to be a female eating disorder, a disorder that only affects women which limits males to seek treatment let alone mak e aware to other that they suffer from bulimiaRead MoreMen and Eating Disorders874 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone suffering from an eating disorder. What about overly health conscience, extreme muscle mass, and obsessively exercising? New disorders like Muscle Dysmorphia are being discovered in males that have not been brought to the forefront of news today. The male population is severely under calculated and usually passed over when people cover statistics and findings for eating disorders. This stigma and stance that people have while thinking only females suffer from eating disorders only makes it moreRead MoreMale Athletes With Bulimia Nervosa1347 Words   |  6 PagesMale Athletes with Bulimia Nervosa: â€Å"Dying† to Gain a Competitive Edge Over the last decade, we have become very familiar with eating disorders and its detrimental impact on young women’s physical and mental health. In particular, Schaal et al. reported eating disorders, notably bulimia nervosa, had â€Å"the highest prevalence†¦among male athletes †¦ in weight-class sports (i.e. wrestling, boxing)† (qtd. in Bratland-Sanda, Sundgot-Borgen 500). In this essay, I will draw upon current research on bulimiaRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders Among Adolescents1215 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood experiences are very influential in molding the perspectives regarding body image among individuals. Emotional invalidation coming from ones parents has been shown to be positively correlated with an increased rate of eating disorders among male and female adolescents. Research conducted by Shisslak et al. (1995) showed that among a sample of university students 91% of the women reported attempting to control their weight through a vari ety of dieting strategies. There are many factorsRead MoreThe Male Struggle with Body Image1632 Words   |  7 PagesWhat we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack in treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go through the harmful effects andRead MoreEating Disorders, Body Image Gender Essay1721 Words   |  7 PagesRIGHTS (HE6) ASSIGNMENT EATING DISORDERS, BODY IMAGE GENDER Submitted to: Dr. Sivakami Muthusamy Centre for Health and Social Sciences School of Health Systems Studies, TISS, Mumbai. Submitted by: Pallavi Muraleedharan Enrollment Number: M2015HE018 Master of Health Administration (2015-17) Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Date: 16/08/2016 INTRODUCTION Eating disorders, body image and gender remain as a very complex interlinked web. Eating disorders affect people from all demographics

Referencing Harvard Free Essays

string(44) " Sometimes there are grounds for hostility\." It is important to show your reader that you have sought out expert, reliable sources to help support and develop your thinking, and this is done through referencing. The preferring in your assignment: demonstrates good research conduct shows the range of ideas and approaches you have found and thought about acknowledges the sources of those ideas tells your reader where they can locate those sources. Referencing also helps you to avoid plagiarism. We will write a custom essay sample on Referencing Harvard or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you present someone else’s ideas as if they are your own work, or use the exact same language they use without acknowledgment, you are committing plagiarism. Plagiarism can be unintentional due to poor referencing, but the consequences are always serious. Accurate referencing helps you to avoid this. For more information on avoiding plagiarism, visit http://resource. Unions. Du. AU/course/view. PH? Id=1 572 Every time you include words, ideas or information from a source – whether it’s a website, book or Journal article – in your assignment, you must include an in-text reference to show that this content has been gathered from somewhere else. In-text references must be included whenever you: 0 0 0 0 paraphrase someone else’s ideas in your own words summaries someone else’s ideas in your own words quote someone else’s ideas in their exact words copy or adapt a diagram, table or any other visual material. For each source that you reference in-text, you must also create an entry in the preference list at the end of the assignment. 2 How do we reference? There are two components to a Harvard reference: 1) an in-text reference in the body of your assignment Cabochon (2008) explores a range of themes and ideas†¦ ) full reference details in your reference list Cabochon, M 2008, Maps and legends, Immenseness Books, San Francisco. 1) In-text references An in-text reference is provided each time you refer to ideas or information from another source, and includes the following details: 0 0 the author’s family name (do not include given names) [authoring body or organization the year of publication pa ge numbers where applicable. There are two main ways to present an in-text reference, as shown below. One way gives prominence to the information by placing the reference at the end of your sentence in brackets: Universities can play an active role in finding solutions for climate change (Folio 2010, p. 2). Another way gives prominence to the author by placing the reference in the body of your sentence, with the author’s name incorporated into the sentence structure and the date in brackets: Folio (2010, p. 2) argues that universities can play an active role in finding solutions for climate change. Including page numbers Page numbers are included when you: pacific page or pages refer to tables, figures, images or present specific information like dates/statistics. Habeas (2007, p. 48) notes that the novelist ‘draws on an established tradition of appropriating the waning for various social and political purposes’. If you do these things for a source without pages – e. G. A website – then Just author and year will suffice. 2) The reference list The reference list provides full bibliographic details for all the sources referred to in your assignment so that readers can easily locate them. Each different source referenced in your essay must have a matching entry in your reference list. It is important to note that the reference list is not a bibliography. A bibliography lists everything you may have read, while a reference list is deliberately limited to those sources for which you have provided in-text references. A bibliography is not needed unless spec ifically requested by your lecturer. The reference list is titled References and is: 0 arranged alphabetically by author’s family name (or title/sponsoring organization where a source has no author) a single list where books, Journal articles and electronic sources are listed together (see sample reference list on p. 6 of this guide). The main elements required for all references are the author, year, title and publication information. Single line spacing required Judd, D, Assistant, K David, GM 2010, A history of American nursing: trends and eras, Jones and Bartlett, London. Candler, PM, Patton, JAG, Coleman, RE, Egotistical, A, Hackers, FIG Hoofer, BP 1999, Diagnostic nuclear medicine, Williams Wilkins, Baltimore. Whitewater, R 2009, ‘How can nursing intervention research reduce the research-practice gap? , Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, Volvo. 41, no. 4, up. 7- 15. Leave space between each entry No indentation required in second or subsequent lines of an entry An extract from an essay using the Harvard referencing system Essay extract The literal adaptation of a book to film is practically impossible. As Steam (AAA, p. 4) suggests: The shift from a single-track verbal medium such as the novel to a multi- track medium like film, which can play not only with words (written and spoken) but also with music, sound effects, and moving bibliographic images, explains the unlikelihood and undesirability of literal fidelity. Comments Always provide author, year and page number(s) when quoting. Quotes longer than thirty words are indented both sides, and are one font size smaller. Ellipsis (†¦ Shows one or more words have been omitted. It is puzzling, then, that readers and audiences are so critical of adaptations which take liberties, sometimes for the better, with their source material. Film adaptations of novels are frequently ‘castigated and held to an absurdly rigorous standard of fidelity (Steam Bibb, p. 15). If key scenes from a novel are pruned for film, audiences often react negatively. However, fidelity is not an appropriate measure for evaluating a film adaptation’s success, as numerous scholars concur (Despond ; Hawkers 2006; Letch 2008; McFarland 1996; Miller ; Steam 2004). Judging film adaptations is ultimately, Whelan (1999, p. ) contends, ‘an inexact science dogged by value judgments about the relative artistic worth of literature and film’. A fan of a novel might denigrate a film adaptation which alters the original book in some fashion, but their response is highly subjective and fails to take into account the practices and realities of film production (McFarland 2007, p. 26). Sometimes there are grounds for hostility. You read "Referencing Harvard" in category "Papers" Author Alan Moore has witnessed a number of his complex graphic novels adapted into shallow Hollywood products, making him extremely critical of filmmakers and the filmmaker process (Assures 2009). However, this kind of attitude can be knee-Jerk and reactionary. Rather than being overly pedantic about textual faithfulness, it is best to approach film adaptations as re-interpretations of their source material (Hutchison 2006, p. 8) or as ‘a permutation of text, an intellectuality (Scariest, cited in Sanders 2006, p. 2). Moreover, new modes of production further complicate existing definitions of, and approaches to, adaptation (Moore, MR. 2010, p. 180). So The letters ‘a’ and ‘b’ have been added to the years here and above to distinguish between different sources by the same author (Steam) published in the same year. Several sources cited at once. Quotes shorter than thirty words are enclosed in single quotation marks. Always provide author, year and page number(s) when paraphrasing a printed source. Internet documents require the same information for the in-text reference (author and year). No page number for electronic sources unless available. Quote from Scariest found in Sanders’ work. If authors have similar surnames, include first initials in reference to avoid confusion. 5 References Assures, S 2009, Why Alan Moore hates comic-book movies’, Total Film, 2 February, viewed 5 December 2010, . Despond,J Hawkers, P 2006, Adaptation: studying film and literature, McGraw-Hill, Boston. Hutchison, L 2006, A theory of adaptation, Rutledge, New York. Letch, T 2008, ‘Adaptation studies at a crossroads’, Adaptation, Volvo. 1, no. 1, up. 63-77. McFarland, B 1996, Novel to film: an introduction to the theory of adaptation, Oxford University Press, New York. ? 2007, ‘Reading film and literature’, in D Cartel I Whelan (des), The Cambridge companion to literature on screen, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, up. 15-28. Miller, T Steam, R (des) 2004, A companion to film theory, Blackwell Publishing, viewed 30 October 012, . Moore, MR. 2010, ‘Adaptation and new media’, Adaptation, Volvo. 3, no. 2, up. 179- 92. Sanders, J 2006, Adaptation and appropriation, Rutledge, New York. Steam, R AAA, ‘Introduction: the theory and practice of adaptation’, in R Steam A Orange (des), Literature and film: a guide to the theory and practice of film adaptation, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, up. 1-52. ? Bibb, Literature through film: realism, magic, and the art of adaptation, Blackwell Publishing, Malden. Whelan, 1 1999, ‘Adaptations: the contemporary dilemmas’, in D Cartel I Whelan (des), Adaptations: from text to screen, screen to text, Rutledge, London, up. -19. Online newspaper or magazine article Book with two authors Book Journal article Two works by same author, listed chronologically Dash used when more than one work by same author listed Chapter in an edited book Ebook. Two editors Journal article Book from which Serviette’s quote taken Two works by same author in s ame year, listed a and b based on alphabetical order of title of the work Dash used Please note: this extract is from an assignment written in the Humanities. Please refer to published work in your area of study for examples of referencing conventions pacific to your discipline. What if your source does not exactly match any of these examples? This guide of source you need to reference in the pages that follow, and construct your reference in that format using the example(s) provided to guide you. While this guide provides a wide range of examples, it is not possible to provide a model for every type of source you might use in your assignments. If you cannot find an exact match for the type of source you need to reference, find examples for similar sources and combine the elements to create the reference you need. For instance, the reference low is for a chapter in an edited document which was found online in PDF form. It has been created through combining aspects of the following types of references: a chapter in an edited book an online document in PDF form. Author/authoring body Year of publication Title of the chapter Editors Title of online document Drunkard, P 2012, ‘The integrated reporting Journey, in C Van deer Lust D Milan (des), Making investment grade: the future of corporate reporting, United Nations Environment Programmer, Dolomite and the Centre for Corporate Governance in Africa, up. 25-28, viewed 4 December 2012, . Publisher Page numbers of the chapter Date the document was viewed Internet address (URL) If you cannot find comparable reference types, always identify the following components of the source, and arrange them in the order below: author, editor, or authoring body/organization year of publication title publication information. Harvard referencing Unions – Examples Print Includes any materials created for publication in paper form Basic format: Author’s family name, Initial(s) OR Authoring body year, Title of book, Author’s family name, followed by a comma and initial(s) of any given names, or authoring body. Year of publication, followed by a comma. Title of book in italics, followed by a comma. Use upper case for the first letter in the title and lower case for the rest unless referring to names or places, I. E. Lawrence of Arabia. Gordon, M 2009, Manual of nursing diagnosis, Jones Bartlett Publishers, Sturdy, Mass. Place of publication. If more than one place of publication is listed, give only the first listed. If there is another place with the same name, or if the place is little known, add the state or country (abbreviated), e. G. Texas, SLD, or Dully, SLD. Full stop at the end. Publisher, followed by a comma. Type of reference Book with 1 author (this can include a person or an authoring body, e. G. A sponsoring organization) In-text reference examples Cabochon (2008, p. 108) discusses. †¦ Was discussed in the study (Cabochon 2008, p. 108). †¦ A better world (Denied Green Consulting Services 2008, p. 5). Reference list examples Cabochon, M 2008, Maps and legends, Immenseness Books, San Francisco. Denied Green Consulting Services 2008, Capital idea: realizing value from environmental and social performance, Denied Green Consulting Services, North Carlton, Victoria. Further information Type of reference Book with 2 or 3 authors In-text reference examples Campbell, Fox and De Swart (2010, p. 46) argue†¦ †¦ Alternatives are preferable (Campbell, Fox De Swart 2010, p. 46). Reference list examples Campbell, E, Fox, R De Swart, M 2010, Students’ guide to legal writing, law exams and self assessment, 3rd den, Federation Press, Sydney. As suggested by Hankie et al. (2006, p. 14)†¦ †¦ Has been suggested (Hankie et al. 2006, p. 14). Hankie, RE, Ova, D, Dillydally, GEL, Waltham, JAR, Shares, SMS, Wagner, RE ; Simmer, MS 2006, Nuclear medicine, 2nd den, Mossy Elsevier, Philadelphia. Book with no date or an approximate date This is emphasized by Seas (n. D. ) when†¦ This is emphasized by Seas (c. 2005) when†¦ Seas, R n. D. , Micro-computer applications, Microsoft Press, Redmond, Washington. Seas, R c. 2005, Micro-computer applications, Microsoft Press, Redmond, Washington. 2nd or later edition of a book Borrowed and Thompson (2009, p. 33) explain†¦ †¦ Components of filmmaker (Borrowed ; Thompson 2009, p. 33). Scariest (1995) has achieved great currency since its translation. †¦ Is argued as the reason for this tension (Scariest 1995). Borrowed, D ; Thompson, K 2009, Film art: an introduction, 9th den, Mac-Gram Hill, New York. Translated book Scariest,J 1995, New maladies of the soul, trans. R Superman, Columbia University Press, New York. Further information When multiple authors’ names are included within your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling of ‘and’. When the authors’ names are in brackets or in the reference list, use ‘. When there are 4 or more authors, only use the first author’s name in-text followed by the abbreviation et al. But include all names in the reference list. If there is no date use n. D. If there is an approximate date use c. (this meaner ‘circa’ – Latin for ‘around/about’). The edition number comes erectly after the title in the reference list. Edition is not mentioned in-text. The translator’s name is not referenced in-text – it only appears after the title in the reference list. 9 Edited book reference examples Morrison (De. 2010) questions whether†¦ It is not clear whether this point supports his previous assertions (De. Morrison 2010). Reference list examples Morrison, D (De. ) 2010, The Cambridge companion to Socrates, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Further information When the editor’s name is included within your sentence (not in brackets) place De. In the brackets following their name. When the editor’s name is in brackets, put De. Before their name. When editors’ names are included within your sentence (not in brackets) use the full spelling of ‘and’. When their names are in brackets or in the reference list, use ‘. Note the use of ‘des’ (no full stop) for multiple editors. When there are 4 or more editors, only use the first editor’s name in-text followed by the abbreviation et al. But include all names in the reference list. Edited (De. ), revised (rev. ) or compiled (come. ) book with 2 or 3 editors Greenberg, Pollard and Salubrious (des 2011) are interested in providing a ramekin for†¦. . Is included in this framework (des Greenberg, Pollard ; sailplanes 2011). Greenberg, F, Pollard, N ; Salubrious, D (des) 2011, Occupational therapies without borders: towards an ecology of occupation-based practices, Volvo. 2, Churchill Livingston Elsevier, Edinburgh. Edited book with 4 or more editors In their collect ion of essays, Barnett et al. (des 2006) explore†¦ †¦ Is explored throughout (des Barnett et al. 2006). Barnett, T, Beriberi, N, Harder, S, Hooking, R ; Outlook, G (des) 2006, London was full of rooms, Lathrup Press, Adelaide. 10 Chapter in an edited book Basic format: Author’s family name, Initial(s) OR Authoring body year, ‘Title of chapter’, in Editor’s Initial(s) plus family name (De. ), Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication, up. X-xx. Author’s family name, followed by a comma and initial(s) of any given names, or authoring body. Year of publication, followed by a comma. Title of the chapter in single inverted commas, followed by a comma. Use upper case for the first letter of the title and lower case for the rest unless referring to names or places. Initial(s) and family name of the books editor, followed by (De. ) for one editor and (des) for multiple editors. How to cite Referencing Harvard, Papers

Sample on Interpersonal Communication & Everyday Encounters

Question: Discuss about the Interpersonal Communication for Everyday Encounters. Answer: Introduction: Communication is undoubtedly one of the most important skills that a person at the managerial level should possess. As commented by Arnold and Boggs, (2015), a person involved in the management of a company understands the complexities that are involved in the process of management. Therefore, developing better communication abilities is indeed important. The aim of this study is to diagnose the key areas of communication. In order to evaluate it, a number of diagnostics tools will be used. It is based on the analysis two communication issues will be identified. Theories of inter personal communication will be developed and based on the understanding an action plan will be made. Diagnosis and reflection: In order to conduct the self evaluation process, a number of diagnostic tools have been used that has helped in evaluation of self. 5 Diagnostic tools have been used for the self analysis. These tools are Johari Window, Communications Style Questionnaire, Assertiveness Questionnaires, Quinn Management Questionnaire, the ESCI (Emotional Intelligence). The Johari window has helped me to understand my position and relationship with others (Rice Nguyen, 2015). I have understood that I stay t the hidden area and that I have no knowledge about other people with whom I usually associate with. The Communication Style Questionnaire has helped me to understand the degree of comfort that I feel with others. In this respect, I would like to say that the diagnosis has helped me to understand that I do not feel comfortable with people in groups and at times, I often land up with some arguments with others if I stay in groups (West Turner, 2013). It has also happened at times that I felt very gui lty on the issues. Another important thing I would like to mention that many times I could not make eye contacts with others at the time of talking with them. Other diagnostic tools like the Self Assertiveness questionnaire helped me to analyze my behavior. With the detailed analysis, I have understood that I am self sufficient when it comes to decision making. I can say it that I can make prompt decision on various situations. This is one of the most vital characteristics that a leader should hold. I believe that I can analyze the situation well and can come to a prompt decision (Carbaugh, 2013). In this respect, I would like to mention that unlike others, I do not feel like taking others point of view into consideration but I feel more comfortable when I make decisions on my own. The Quinn Management Questionnaire test has helped me to understand my competences and how well I shall be able manage the situation of an organization. Here lies the importance of developing better communication techniques at the workplace (Pekerti Thomas, 2015). I have understood that it is important to understand the perspective of others because business is a collaborative approach and that major decisions should be made on understanding others perspective as well (Verba, 2015). From the emotional intelligence test, I can say that I am not much concerned about others feelings and I generally focus on myself rather than thinking of others. Therefore, I think I need to improve my behavior as well as communication ability in order to create a better relationship with others. Personal experience: This part of the paper is based on my personal experience and the major issues of communications that I faced while dealing with people will be expressed here. Two such personal experiences will be narrated here. Once I went to a restaurant for a team dinner from my workplace. It was a Chinese restaurant. Personally I do not prefer to have Chinese food but as it was a group dinner, I did not say anything. However, a small dispute occurred at the time of ordering food. As I was not comfortable with all types of food item, my opinion with others did not match. In fact, we had an argument as well upon the food items to be ordered. I know that there was a fault from my end because I do not actually like to work on others perspective and I have a dominating characteristics. Therefore, from this understanding, I can say I lack in group communication and that I need to work on improving my group communication skills. Another incident took place when I went to a party organized by one of our clients. There were some other friends of the client as well as well. Two of his friends were Asian. I had very little knowledge about the culture and tradition of Asian. It was once I said something to one of those friends without any intension to hurt her. However, she was really hurt and even started crying. I felt very awkward and bad as well but then I realized that it was due to my insufficient knowledge about other cultures that I ended up in creating a mess situation. Therefore, I need to develop my cross-cultural communication as well. Two communication issues identified: With the detail analysis by using diagnostic tools and by professional experience as well, I can easily come down to two issues that I faced during communicating with people. Ineffective group communication: As it has been evident from both the reflective diagnosis as well as from the personal experience, I have understood that I have some issues related to group communication. I do not understand how to communicate with people when they remain together. I have good communication skills when it comes to talking with individual person but whenever there is a group and that I have to come down to a particular decision that shall address the decision making idea of all the members in the group. Therefore, I need to improve my group communication. Insufficient cross-cultural communication: Another important drawback of me in terms of communication issue is related to cross cultural communication. I have faced difficulties a lot of times while talking or dealing with people from other cultural backgrounds. I feel that it is important to have a basic knowledge about the culture of others in order to make an effective communication. However, I lack this quality and thus, there another communication issue that I face is definitely insufficiency related to cross cultural communication. Literature review This part of the paper carries out the literature review of understanding the importance of communication and the role that communication plays in a persons life. As it has been evident that the two major issues identified are ineffective group communication and lack of ability for cross cultural communication. Therefore, the literature review shall focus on these two issues. Models and theories of these concern issues will be discussed. It is on the basis of gaining knowledge from the literature review, an action plan can be developed that might help me to improve my communication activities with others. Concept of ineffective group communication: As stated by Berwick and Chomsky, (2015), any disruption or failure in the process of communication can be regarded as ineffective communication. Further Berwick and Chomsky, (2015) stated that language is the most pre dominant character when it comes to ineffective communication because communication takes place when there is an incoming and outgoing of messages (Kinloch Metge, 2014). Therefore, a message can be effective only when both the persons have understanding of the language. Theories of group communication: The functional theory of group communication talks about the outcome of an individuals skills and behavior. This theory focuses on the fact that an effective group communication helps to solve the problems and results in better decision making (Danziger, 2013). It has been pointed out that in order to develop a good group communication, it is important to have a critical approach towards decision making (Merkin, Taras Steel, 2014). Therefore, there are a number of factors that must be kept in check. For instance, a person should be committed to making best decision. Again, it has been pointed out that identifying the best suitable resources to carry out the communication is important (Harzing Pudelko, 2014). There are certain rules and interaction practices that one has to develop in order to be a part of the group communication. On the basis of understanding the situation, it is expected that a person should make the necessary adjustments and come down to a particular decision. Keeping the above perspective into consideration, it can be said that I have to be calm and patient when it comes to coming up to a particular conclusion. Therefore, it is important to be critical enough to understand the point of view of other members in the group and then only coming to a particular conclusion or decision. Symbolic Convergence Theory: The symbolic convergence theory is the sense making function of the communication process. Symbolic refers to both verbal and non-verbal communication while convergence states the meaning of the communication process (Hybels, 2014). The central idea of this theory is that in a group communication, some members are often found to come up with certain private code words that can only be decoded if the other members of the group understand the signs and symbols of that particular person (Chaney Martin, 2013). It is only when there remains chain connectivity with the members of a group, the communication process can be successful (Pennycook, 2014). In this respect, I have to say that the symbolic codes are easily understandable among a friend group but if the same thing is considered in terms of professional field then the same approach might not be successful enough. However, a certain level of communication has to be made that will help to make the communication better. Concept of cross-cultural communication: As stated by West and Turner, (2013), culture is the way of thinking and living the way that also determines ones attitudes, values, norms and some beliefs. This norms and beliefs definitely vary from one person to the other and it is for the same reason acknowledging about the culture of others will definitely help to carry out the communication well. Another important thing has been pointed out by Wood, (2015), that in the recent time, the impact of cross culture is much evident and it is for the same reason, one should have a clear understanding about others so as to carry out the communication process easily. Factors of ineffective cross cultural communication: Assumption of similarities: As pointed out by Beebe and Masterson, (2014), in a group communication sometimes the situation arises that a person among others assumes something about other person. This is one of the major reasons that create dispute among the members of a group (Thomas Peterson, 2014). Language differences: There remains a great possibility that there will be difference in the languages among the members of a group. With the difference in the language, there remains a great possibility that a member will be aware of the language of the other (Rahman Dijk, 2014). As evident, a communication cannot take place if the participants do not understand the language of others. Non-verbal misinterpretation: At times, it happen members in a group communicate with each other by some non-verbal means, with the use of some signs and symbols (Bochner, 2013). It is for the same reason there remains the possibilities of creating a dispute among the members. Thus, it is also important to understand the perspectives of others (Stacks Salwen, 2014). I have understood that in the era of globalization, there remains high possibility of the fact that one has to encounter with people from different cultural backgrounds. There remains a great possibility that some kind of dispute will occur if the collaboration level is not good enough among the members of a group. Therefore, it is very important to get a good level of knowledge and understanding about the culture of others as well. Conclusion: With the detail analysis on understanding the ineffective means of communication that I face in my life, I have understood that I need to develop my group communication and I have to increase my knowledge on understanding the culture of other people as well. The literature review carried out on understanding the topic has helped me to come up with an action plan that will certainly help me to develop my communication skills and at the same time would mold my behavior as well. Below mentioned are two action plans made to develop my behavior and skills to improve my communication with others. To develop my group communication: Factors Analysis S- Specific I have understood that in order to become a part of the corporate world, I have to be a part of many group communications because meetings and conversations are common in professional field and if do not develop my group communication ability, I would have to suffer. In order to develop my group communication, I would like to join some courses that would help me to improve my group communication. I would also read more books and journal articles just to increase my knowledge and understanding on how to develop my group communication. M- Measurable My development would be measured if I can comply with people easily. If I can easily overcome the issues that I face in the recent time then I could easily assume that I have developed my group communication. A- Achievable The objective is easily achievable if I devote some amount of time and focus on improving my group conversation. R- Relevant The objective is absolutely relevant because there is no doubt that we have to face other people either in group or might be individually. However, if we have a negative approach then problems will increase. T- Timely I think in order to cope up with this factor I would require a time frame of about 6 months. To increase my knowledge and understanding of cross-culture Factors Analysis S- Specific In order to increase my efficiency in terms of understanding about others culture, I have to increase my knowledge about the culture and tradition of others. I might enroll myself in a short course where I would get enough knowledge about different cultures and people of different countries. M- Measurable It is when I shall be able to deal with people from different backgrounds and that I would not face any trouble while communicating with people, I can ensure that I have improved my communication ability. A- Achievable The objective can be easily achieved if I focus on the learning process and devote at least 2 to 3 hours a day in gaining knowledge about others culture. R- Relevant The objective is absolutely relevant because in the era of globalization and cross-cultural impact, it is highly recommended to have some amount of knowledge and understanding about the culture of others. T- Timely In order to achieve this target, I think I will require a time of about 6-8 months. If I concentrate on my development, I can easily achieve the goals. I believe that if I follow this action plans, there remain a great possibility that the communication process will be carried on very effectively among the different members of a group even if there remains a cultural difference as well. References: Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2014).Communicating in small groups: Principles and practices. Pearson Higher Ed. Berwick, R. C., Chomsky, N. (2015).Why only us: Language and evolution. MIT press. Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013).Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Carbaugh, D. (2013).Cultural communication and intercultural contact. Routledge. Chaney, L., Martin, J. (2013).Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Danziger, K. (2013).Interpersonal Communication: Pergamon General Psychology Series(Vol. 53). Elsevier. Harzing, A. W., Pudelko, M. (2014). Hablas vielleicht un peu la mia language? A comprehensive overview of the role of language differences in headquarterssubsidiary communication.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(5), 696-717. Hybels, S. (2014).Communicating effectively. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. (2014).Talking past each other: Problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Merkin, R., Taras, V., Steel, P. (2014). State of the art themes in cross-cultural communication research: a systematic and meta-analytic review.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,38, 1-23. Pekerti, A. A., Thomas, D. C. (2015). The role of self-concept in cross-cultural communication.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,15(2), 167-193. Pennycook, A. (2014).The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge. Rahman, A., Dijk, E. (2014). Group communication for the constrained application protocol (CoAP).Group. Rice, W. S., Nguyen, H. B. (2015). Linguistic politeness: the backbone of cross-cultural communication within a second language environment. Stacks, D. W., Salwen, M. B. (Eds.). (2014).An integrated approach to communication theory and research. Routledge. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2014).Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Verba, S. (2015).Small groups and political behavior: A study of leadership. Princeton University Press. West, R., Turner, L. H. (2013). Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application (2013 Ed.). Wood, J. T. (2015).Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Nelson Education.